Instructions:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow
Comprehension:
Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak at 8,848 metres, draws adventurers from all over. But the mountain on the Nepal-China border is fast becoming a dangerous place to visit even for the hardened mountaineer. The inherent risks were highlighted with a photograph by Nirmal Purja, a Gorkha ex-soldier. The image, which went viral and altered the manner in which people worldwide imagine what it is to scale Mt. Everest, showed a long queue awaiting a final tilt at the summit, with all the dangers such a wait holds. In the 2019 season, at least 11 climbers have died or gone missing, including four Indians. Experts have been calling for Nepal to restrict the number of permits. It awarded a record 381 for this spring each fetching $11,000 (climbing from the Tibet side is more expensive). On 22nd May, 200 climbers ascended the summit, a new record for a single day. Last year, 807 managed to reach the summit. In 2012, the United Nations estimated that there were more than 26,000 visitors to the Everest region, and this figure has grown manifold since then. Nepal officials argue that permits are not issued recklessly, and that jams such as this year’s near the summit are on account of spells of bad weather, which result in mountaineers being compelled to reach the summit within a narrow time frame. Waiting in sub-zero temperatures at rarefied altitude can be fatal--- this season’s deaths were mostly due to frostbite, exhaustion, dehydration and lack of oxygen.
This year’s drama has caught public imagination, as happened in 1996 when eight persons died in a single day amid an unexpected storm - events of and around that day were the subject of Jon Krakauer’s bestselling book ‘Into Thin Air’. The adventure industry that is built around the human desire to scale the peak has meant many amateurs take up the challenge, confident that support teams and specialized equipment will make up for their lack of adequate mountaineering experience. The fallout is that in case of a disaster not only are some of them unable to manage but they also hold up others, putting them in harm’s way. The commercial operations have led to the Everest being called the world’s highest garbage dump as many climbers discard non-critical gear, used oxygen cylinders, plastic bottles, cans, batteries, food wrappings, fecal matter and kitchen waste on the mountains. It is unlikely, however, that this season’s tragedies will deter future summiteers, as the hypnotic lure remains intact. But the authorities must learn from this year’s tragedies and work out an optimum number of climbers and strengthen safety measures.

171)

Why, according to the text, do most climbers prefer to climb the Everest from Nepal side?

SSC CGL 2019

A)

Nepali people are keen to help the climbers because this is their only way to earn money.

B)

International mountaineers are not allowed in Chinese territory.

C)

Nepal provides better logistical support than India.

D)

Climbing the Everest from Nepal side is cheaper than the Tibet side.

172)

Choose the factor, which was NOT responsible for the death of mountaineers in May, 2019.

SSC CGL 2019

A)

Dehydration

B)

Lack of food

C)

Lack of oxygen

D)

Frost bite and exhaustion

173)

If an amateur mountaineer is one who climbs mountains as a hobby, which word in the text, describes an experienced one.

SSC CGL 2019

A)

reckless mountaineer

B)

ex-soldier climber

C)

adventure climber

D)

hardened mountaineer

174)

How are amateur mountaineers a threat to others?

SSC CGL 2019

A)

Amateurs are dependent on their support teams and cannot manage anything on their own.

B)

Amateurs, because of their inexperience and slow pace, are exposed to all kinds of hazards.

C)

Amateurs need specialized equipment to make up for their inexperience.

D)

Amateurs hold up other mountaineers in case of unforeseen disasters because they are not self-reliant.

175)

Identify the INCORRECT OPTION.
The Everest has become the ‘highest garbage dump’ as many climbers leave behind ______

SSC CGL 2019

A)

kitchen waste

B)

protective clothing.

C)

empty food cans and bottles

D)

spent oxygen tanks

176)

Select the INCORRECT Option.
‘Into Thin Air’ is _____

SSC CGL 2019

A)

a best- selling book.

B)

based on an unexpected storm in the Himalayas.

C)

an account of the death of eight people in a single day.

D)

an incident that happened in 1999.

Instructions:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow-
Comprehension:
Brain training is big business. From online websites to video games to mobile apps, it seems like there are plenty of ways to give your brain a bit of a boost. But does all this brain training really work? Can it increase your cognitive abilities or your IQ? According to a few recent studies, while these brain training tools might help sharpen your abilities to retain information, they won't necessarily increase your intelligence or improve your ability to reason and think abstractly.
The parent company of one of the most prominent "brain training" websites was recently fined for deceptive advertising. According to the complainant, the company suggested its games could reduce or delay cognitive impairment such as one might find in Alzheimer's patients, which is false.
So while there may be some benefits to brain training, don't expect miraculous results. Earlier studies have found no link between increased intelligence and brain training exercises.

Same is the case with standardized tests. Students today take a wide variety of standardized tests, from assessments throughout elementary school to evaluations required for college admission. While test preparation for such assessments can increase factual knowledge, one study suggests that this preparation does little to increase overall IQ.
Why is it so? While test preparation increases what psychologists refer to as crystallized intelligence, it does not increase what is known as fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence includes facts and information, while fluid intelligence involves the ability to think abstractly or logically.
In a study published in the journal Psychological Science, researchers looked at the IQ scores and test scores of approximately 1,400 eighth-grade students. While schoolwork helped increase the students' test scores, it had no effect on measures of fluid intelligence. The authors suggest that fluid intelligence is a much better indicator of abilities such as problemsolving ability, abstract thinking skills, memory capacity, and processing speed.
While the study found no indicator that test preparation improved IQ, that does not mean that this preparation has no value. Research clearly shows that having high scores on standardized tests is linked to having high scores on other important tests including Advanced Placement tests, the SAT etc.

177)

In the passage, ‘give your brain a bit of a boost’ means to -

SSC CGL 2019

A)

increase its ability to grow stronger

B)

be able to play video games

C)

increase its size

D)

sharpen it

178)

What do brain training tools do?

SSC CGL 2019

A)

Enable you to retain information

B)

Sharpen the ability to think clearly

C)

Increase intelligence

D)

Improve problem solving abilities

179)

A brain training site was fined for-

SSC CGL 2019

A)

making false claims

B)

causing Alzheimer’s disease

C)

helping improve learning ability

D)

decreasing intelligence

180)

On comparing crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence it is found that-

SSC CGL 2019

A)

students have better fluid intelligence and perform better because of schoolwork and standardized test.

B)

crystallized intelligence helps in making you think with a logical mind gives you better test scores.

C)

fluid intelligence is what gives a learner skills such as problem-solving and processing of information.

D)

crystallized intelligence is better because it helps you learn facts and information.