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According to a new American study headed by Dr. Willis, it has been found that people who exercise in the morning seem to lose more weight than people completing the same workouts later in the day.
These findings help shed light on the vexing issue of why some people shed considerable weight with exercise and others almost none. The study adds to the growing body of science suggesting that the timing of various activities, including exercise, could affect how those activities affect us.
The relationship between exercise and body weight is somewhat befuddling. Multiple past studies show that a majority of people who take up exercise to lose weight drop fewer pounds than would be expected, given how many calories they are burning during their workouts. 

Some gain weight. But a few respond quite well, shedding pound after pound with the same exercise regimen that prompts others to add inches.
The Midwest Trial 2, was conducted in the University of Kansas, U.S. on how regular, supervised exercise influences body weight.
The trial involved 100 overweight, previously inactive young men and women who were made to work out five times a week at a physiology lab, jogging or otherwise sweating until they had burned up to 600 calories per session.
After 10 months of this regimen, almost everyone had dropped pounds. But the extent of their losses fluctuated wildly, even though everyone was doing the same, supervised workout. A team of researchers started brainstorming what could be responsible for the enormous variability in the weight loss.
They hit upon activity timing. They decided to do a Follow -up study of the Mid West Trial 2. In this new study,the Mid West Trial 2 Follow up study the researchers now studied a team of participants who could visit the gym whenever they wished between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. They also tracked everyone’s calorie intakes and daily movement habits throughout the 10 months. They knew, too, whether and by how much people’s weights had changed. 

Now, they checked weight change against exercise schedules and quickly noticed a consistent pattern.
Those people who usually worked out before noon had lost more weight, on average, than the men and women who typically exercised after 3 p.m.
The researchers uncovered a few other, possibly relevant differences between the morning and late-day exercisers. The early-exercise group tended to be slightly more active throughout the day, taking more steps in total than those who worked out later. They also ate less. 

These factors may cumulatively have contributed to the striking differences in how many pounds people lost, Dr. Willis says.
Thus it seems that people who worked out before noon lost more weight, on average, than those who typically exercised after 3 p.m.
But Dr. Willis also points out that most of those who worked out later in the day did lose weight, even if not as much as the larkish exercisers, and almost certainly became healthier. “I would not want anyone to think that it’s not worth exercising if you can’t do it first thing in the morning,” he says. “Any exercise, at any time of day, is going to be better than none.”

111)

The finding of the Mid West Trial 2 Follow- up study was that the best time for exercise was-

SSC CGL 2019
A)

noon to 3 p.m.

B)

between 3-7 p.m.

C)

before noon.

D)

7 p.m. onwards.

112)

Select the option which is not true.
The successful weight losers in the Mid West Trial 2 Follow-up study ____________

SSC CGL 2019
A)

remained active.

B)

slept more.

C)

walked more.

D)

ate less.

113)

Select the correct option.
By ‘larkish exercisers’ the writer refers to people who-

SSC CGL 2019
A)

love to see the lark in the morning.

B)

like to exercise late with the larks.

C)

like to sing in the morning.

D)

exercise in the morning.

114)

Find one word which means the same as the following.
a set of rules about food and diet that someone follows

SSC CGL 2019
A)

catalogue

B)

regiment

C)

regimen

D)

fundamental

115)

Find one word in the passage which means the same as 'confusing'.

SSC CGL 2019
A)

brainstorming

B)

vexing

C)

befuddling

D)

striking

116)

What would Dr. Willis say to someone who has given up exercising because they cannot do so in the morning?

SSC CGL 2019
A)

Exercise is good only in the morning.

B)

Exercise only with a trainer.

C)

Any exercise is better than none.

D)

Evening is the worst time to exercise.

The United Kingdom’s Social Mobility Commission study reports that disadvantaged children in England are being priced out of a cultural hinterland. Children aged 10-15 from low-income families are three times less likely than wealthier peers to engage in out-of-school musical activities, such as learning an instrument etc. 

There were also differences according to race - 4% of British Pakistani children took part in music classes, compared with 28% of Indian children and 20% of white children - and regional divides: 9% of children in north-east England played a musical instrument, compared with 22% in the south-east.
Disadvantaged children are also more likely to miss out on extracurricular sports (football, boxing, cricket) and drama, dance and art. The commission set out recommendations, including bursaries, better funding and support for schools - let’s hope they’re taken on board. As well as the activities themselves, children are missing out on other crucial gains including confidence-building, team spirit and social skill, and are less likely to go on to higher education.
Extracurricular activities tend to cost money, but there are also problems with a lack of availability and access, such as schools being unable to afford to run after-school clubs or stay open during holidays. Another barrier is the kids’ “fear of not fitting in”. In this sense, certain children are self-excluding from, say, learning an instrument, singing in a choir, playing cricket or acting. They decide by themselves that they’re “undeserving” of music, sport, art and drama. Unbelievably, in 2019, children as young as 10 are already hardwired with the selflimiting poverty notion of “not for the likes of us”.
This is heartbreaking. It’s hardly news that life is tougher for poorer children, but it’s an outrage if all sense of curiosity, artistry and playfulness is knocked out of them so early. Something is wrong if better-off children feel entitled to explore and participate in areas that interest and excite them, while the disadvantaged are cast from the start as cultural wallflowers - doomed to sit out every dance.
This isn’t about every child learning the piano or violin (but why not?), it’s about sowing the seeds for a cultural hinterland that will sustain and enrich them for life. It’s about people exploring their passions and refusing to have their horizons artificially limited. Regardless of circumstances, all children should know that their faces “fit” - automatically and forever. Culture belongs to everyone.

117)

The probability of a child in United Kingdom getting opportunities to engage in cultural and sports activities depends on-
1 parental economic background
2 whether one parent is British
3 whether parents have a university education
4 kind of school and funding available
Of the above points which are correct

SSC CGL 2019
A)

1 & 4

B)

2 & 4

C)

1 & 2

D)

3 & 4

118)

According to the passage which of the following is not the correct reason- Exposure to cultural activities and sports at a young age is very important for children because it-

SSC CGL 2019
A)

brings about differences among children.

B)

leads children to explore their talents.

C)

builds team spirit and social skills.

D)

helps in confidence building.

119)

Pick out a phrase or a word which means the same as- a group of people considered to be superior to others because of their social standing or wealth

SSC CGL 2019
A)

disadvantaged

B)

cultural wallflowers

C)

hard-wired

D)

elitist

120)

How will a wholesome education including arts and sports not benefit the disadvantaged?

SSC CGL 2019
A)

Children will get exposure to arts and sports.

B)

Children will no longer have the fear of not fitting in.

C)

Children will have feelings of low self-esteem and self-exclusion.

D)

Children will explore play and learning outside of class.

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